Atisha, the eleventh-century
Indian Buddhist scholar and saint, came to Tibet at the invitation of
the king of Western Tibet, Lha Lama Yeshe Wö, and his nephew Jangchub
Wö. His coming initiated the period of the "second transmission" of Buddhism
to Tibet, formative for the Sakya, Kagyu and Gelug traditions of Tibetan
Buddhism. Atisha's most celebrated text, entitled Lamp for the Path to
Enlightenment, sets forth the entire Buddhist path within the framework
of three levels of motivation on the part of the practitioner. Atisha's
text thus became the source of the Lam Rim tradition, or graduated stages
of the path to enlightenment, an approach to spiritual practice incorporated
within all schools of Tibetan Buddhism.